Zinc (Zn) accumulation and its Toxicity effect on Salvinia molesta Mitchell and Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid
1N.M. Rolli, 2S.V. Gurumath, 3M.K. Ganachari, 4B.D. Patil and 5S.B. Gadi
1BLDEA’s Degree College Jamkhandi-587301 (India) 2MGVC Arts, Science and Commerce College, Muddebihal-586212 (India) 3Basaveshwar Science College, Bagalkot, Karnataka (India) 4Shri Jagadamba Degree College Hittinahalli L.T, (586215) Karnataka, (India) 5JSS College Dharwad, Karnataka, (India) Corresponding author: Dr. N.M. Rolli Associate Professor BLDEA’s Degree College, Jamkhandi, 587301 (Karnataka) (India) E-mail: drnmrolli@rediffmail.com Mob: 094488 96839
ABSTRACT
Due to increasing awareness of toxic heavy metals contamination to the environment, studies of metal accumulation from the view point of metal removal from the contaminated water have been performed. The use of biological systems for removing metals from metal solution has the potential to achieve greater performance at lower cost. This is an emerging biological application based on ‘Green Liver Concept’ and operates on the principles of biogeochemical cycling. The present study focuses on zinc toxicity on morphology and some biochemical parameters of Salvinia molesta Mitchell and Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. The laboratory experiments were conducted for the assessment of morphological index parameters (MIP), biochemical parameters and metal (Zn) accumulation profile in test plants at various concentrations (viz. 5,10, 20, 30 and 40 ppm Salvinia and Spirodela at regular interval for 12 days. Salvinia and Spirodela shows visible symptoms like withering of roots, chlorosis and necrosis at higher concentration. With respect to Spirodela at higher concentration the lower surface of leaf turns pink to whitish. However, the test plants showed normal growth at lower concentration (5.0 ppm). The estimation of biochemical parameters i.e total chlorophyll, protein and carbohydrate of test plants showed a significant increase at lower concentration (5 ppm) of zinc and showed significant decrease with increase in exposure concentration and duration. Metal accumulation by test plants was maximum at 4 days exposure duration and marginal at subsequent concentrations and exposure duration. With respect to biochemical parameters the concentrations are significant. However, metal accumulation is significant at different concentrations and exposure duration.