Evaluation of In-vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of endophytic fungi isolated from the medicinal plant Madhuca neriifolia
Mamukan Boruah* and Riaz Mahmood**
*Department of P. G. Studies and Research in Biotechnology, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta-577451, Shivamogga (India) Corresponding Mail ID: mamukan94@gmail.com. Ph. No: +91 7019593538, 7578070668 or +91 9854525482.
ABSTRACT
Endophytic fungi Alternaria alternata (A. alternata) and Trichoderma asperellum (T. asperellum), isolated from the medicinal plant Madhuca neriifolia, were used to evaluate their antioxidant and cytotoxic activities on the human lung cancer cell line A549. Ethyl acetate (EtOAc) was used for the extraction. DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays were performed to evaluate their antioxidant activity. Ascorbic acid and Quercetin were used as a standard to compare the antioxidant potentiality of these fungi. Ascorbic acid shows 90% inhibition activities in 200ug/ ml with an IC50 value of 41.89 μg/ml. in DPPH assay. In ABTS assay, Ascorbic acid shows 89.56% inhibition in 2000 μg/ml with an IC50 value of 577.82μg/mL. In FRAP assay, Quercetin shows 99.89% inhibition in 2000μg/ml with an IC50 value of 185.151 μg/mL. Compared to these two standards, in the DPPH assay, A. alternata and T. asperellum, at the concentration of 200 μg/ml, showed the inhibition activities of 33.26% with IC50 value of 413.923 μg/ml and 34.04% with IC50 value of 389.791 μg/ml respectively. Similarly, in ABTS assay A. alternata and T. asperellum, at the concentration of 2000 μg/ml, showed the inhibition activities of 34.67% with IC50 value of 2853.1μg/ml and 31.57% with IC50 value of 3097 μg/ml respectively. In the FRAP assay, A. alternata and T. asperellum, at the concentration of 2000 μg/ml, showed the inhibition activities of 82.72% μg/ml with IC50 value of 585.38 μg/ml and 83.16% with IC50 value of 576.79 μg/ml respectively. Both these fungi exhibited good to moderate level of antioxidant activities in these three assays. In the cytotoxicity assay, A. alternata and T. asperellum, at the concentration of 100μg/ml, showed an average cells viability of 49.72% with IC50 value of 92.356μg/ml and 57.22% with an IC50 value of 110.314μg/ml respectively. Among these two fungi, A. alternata showed more stronger toxicity than T. asperellum on the cancer cell line-A549. Therefore, it may be concluded that since A. alternata is found to be more potent, it can be a better candidate for further exploration against human cancer cell lines.