Effects of alcohol consumption on the Adrenal, Gonad and Pancreas, with special reference to the Hormonal Axis
Joydeep Das
Assistant Professor, Department of Zoology, Dinabandhu Andrews College, Kolkata-700047 (India) Affiliated to University of Calcutta Email. Id joydeepdas914@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The endocrine system ensures a proper communication between various organs of the body to maintain a constant internal environment. The body’s ability to respond and correctly deal with changes in the internal or external environments, such as responding to stress and injury, is made possible in large part by the endocrine system. Communication between the endocrine system and the neurological and immunological systems aids these endocrine system processes to maintain bodily homeostasis. Alcohol has the ability to penetrate almost all body tissues and organs, leading to organ dysfunction and tissue damage. There is a lot of evidence to suggest that alcohol consumption causes clinical problems in the endocrine system, one of the most vital systems in the body. This system is crucial for maintaining a continuous internal environment because it promotes optimal communication between various organs and interfaces with the immunological and nervous systems. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, as well as additional sources of hormones including the endocrine pancreas and endocrine adipose tissue, are all parts of the endocrine system. Alcohol abuse disrupts all of these systems and causes hormonal disturbances that may result in various disorders, such as stress intolerance, reproductive dysfunction, immune abnormalities, and psychological and behavioural disorders. The results of studies on both humans and animals that offer reliable evidence of the varied consequences of alcohol abuse on the endocrine system are summarised in this review. Thus, the objectives of my study are focused on the adverse effects of alcohol on different endocrine glands and human awareness of alcoholism, with a special emphasis on stress, diabetes, and reproductive health