Thiram-mediated Endosulfan potentiates cytotoxicity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by oxidative stress and necrotic cell death
1R. Harish and 2T. Shivanandappa
1Department of Studies in Microbiology, Pooja Bhagavat Memorial Mahajana Post Graduate Centre, wing of SBRR Mahajana first grade college, Mysuru, Karnataka - 570016 (India) 2Visiting Professor, Department of Life Science Pooja Bhagavat Memorial Mahajana P.G. Wing Mysuru-570016 (India) -Corresponding author: harishrh@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae {yeast cells}, the cytotoxicity of two pesticides, thiram and endosulfan, was investigated. Thiram cytotoxicity was substantially lower than endosulfan cytotoxicity, with LC50 concentration {1 h exposure} values of 0.6 and 1.0 mM, respectively. The insecticides’ lethal activity on cells was characterized by cell death, lactate dehydrogenase {LDH} leakage, glutathione depletion and the production of reactive oxygen species {ROS}. The pesticide-induced cell death, LDH leakage confirmed that it was necrotic. When cells were exposed to a mixture of both compounds, thiram potentiated the cytotoxicity of endosulfan at lower concentration. Excessive glutathione depletion and induction ROS were found to be more potentiating of cytotoxicity than the cumulative effects of individual substances.