Exploring the ecological impact of coal mine generated Pit lakes: a brief review
Saikat Mondal*
Department of Zoology, Raghunathpur College, Purulia - 723133 India
ABSTRACT
Coal mining operations have historically left behind large open pits that fill with water, forming what are known as pit lakes. These pit lakes are known to have significant ecological impacts, both positive and negative, on the surrounding environment. This review aims to provide an overview of the ecological effects associated with coal minegenerated pit lakes and highlights the importance of understanding these impacts for effective environmental management. These water bodies can support diverse biological communities, including fish, invertebrates, and aquatic plants. Pit lakes can serve as refuges for species that may have been displaced by mining activities and can contribute to the overall biodiversity of the region. Additionally, pit lakes can act as reservoirs for water storage, particularly in arid regions, and can potentially provide water resources for various purposes, including agricultural or industrial use. However, negative impacts of pit lakes cannot be overlooked. One of the primary concerns is water quality degradation. The high levels of dissolved minerals and heavy metals in pit lake water can result in acid mine drainage, leading to reduced water quality and the potential for toxic effects on aquatic life. Pit lakes may also experience altered hydrological regimes, leading to changes in water levels, flow patterns, and sedimentation rates, which can disrupt natural ecosystems and affect the surrounding terrestrial habitats. Understanding and mitigating the ecological impacts of coal mine-generated pit lakes is crucial for effective environmental management. Strategies such as water treatment and remediation techniques can be employed to minimize the release of contaminants and improve water quality. Additionally, implementing measures to maintain or restore natural hydrological regimes can help mitigate negative impacts and enhance the ecological functioning of pit lakes.