History of environmental conservation in the Ancient and Middle Ages
*S. S. Anuja and *D. Vinoba Gladis
Department of History, St. Mary’s College [Autonomous], Thoothukudi - 628 001 [India] Affiliated to Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli – 627012 [India]
ABSTRACT
In the beginning, man was a vital component of the biosphere and nature. He worked as a practising ecologist with success. He most likely had a reverent, awestruck, and fearful attitude towards his surroundings due to his ignorance of numerous unknown events, including storms, illnesses, wild animals, earthquakes, volcanoes, and celestial phenomena. However, an increasing conflict between man and the environment has emerged because of technical advancement and socio-cultural change. He reached a mental state because of his apparent dominance over others and ascent to ever-higher heights. Considering this, it may be necessary for man to look to some of the world’s most ancient and primitive races for guidance in the arts of human relations, physical control, and respect for the environment if he is to survive beyond the nuclear age. These races, which have flourished for centuries or millennia in some of the world’s most primitive societies—such as the nomadic tribes of Australia and the Kalahari Desert in Southern Africa— have resources of inner strength, stability, and harmony. This research aims to shed light on many environmental elements in ancient and middle India from a historical perspective. India has demonstrated its commitment to protecting its natural resources and environment by enacting environmental laws and regulations. Though significant progress has been made, much more must be done before we can effectively address environmental concerns and realise sustainable development. The Indian government used the legal system and the power granted by the constitution to pass several Acts aimed at protecting the environment. India may take a look at its past, work with other countries, and implement new ideas to develop towards a more sustainable and greener future. In conclusion, India has experienced highs and lows in the development of environmental laws and rules. Over the years, as the nation has come to understand how important it is to protect its environment and natural resources, several environmental laws and regulations have been implemented. The Wildlife Protection Act, the Air [Prevention and Control of Pollution] Act, and the Water [Prevention and Control of Pollution] Act were the three laws that were passed in 1972. The first was passed in 1972. The basis for environmental preservation was laid bythis act, which concentrated on issues including wildlife protection, water pollution, and air pollution management. Modern culture is becoming increasingly rational, prioritising reason, science, and evidence over mysticism. Culture and other influences have eventually forced humans to break away from nature. We have an overdue appreciation for the environment and the old Indian models for ensuring the survival of humankind.