Coal mining and its Dual Impacts: A Review of Socioeconomic Benefits and Environmental Consequences
Saikat Mondal*
Department of Zoology, Raghunathpur College, Raghunathpur, Purulia - 723133 (India) Email : *sairaniganj@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
This review looks at coal mining’s two effects, emphasizing both its major environmental consequences and social advantages. Since the Industrial Revolution, coal has been a vital energy source that powers industry and produces electricity, especially in developing countries. Through taxes and royalties, the coal mining sector boosts local economies and sustains millions of employment. However, there are significant obstacles due to the environmental effects, which include biodiversity loss, water pollution, air quality degradation, and land degradation. In areas with abundant coal resources, where socioeconomic gains do not always result in better living standards, the paradox of growth is clearly seen. In order to reduce the negative environmental effects of coal mining and promote sustainable transitions to alternate energy sources, this analysis highlights the necessity of efficient regulations, technological advancements, and communitycentric strategies.