Transdermal Drug Delivery System: An Overview
Shailendra Patidar, Ashish Gupta*, Ravi Sharma and Gajanan Darwhekar
Acropolis Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Indore - 453770 (India) *Corresponding Email ID: ashish.pharma87@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems (TDDS) offer a noninvasive, patient-friendly route of drug administration with numerous advantages such as bypassing first-pass metabolism and maintaining controlled drug levels in systemic circulation. This review explores the anatomical and physiological aspects of the skin, pathways and mechanisms of drug permeation, formulation strategies, permeation enhancers, types of TDDS, recent advances, applications, and limitations. Emphasis is placed on novel drug delivery systems like microneedles, nanoformulations, and stimuli-responsive patches. The paper concludes with a future outlook and recommendations for improved clinical adoption