Design and Development of Glucose-responsive Nanoparticles for controlled Insulin release
Pooja Arora1 , Anshu Rajpurohit2 , Vijay Kumar Bansal3 , Anuradha Eknath Gavade4 , Pritam Bhagawat Chaudhari4 , Pratiksha Prathamesh Nikam4 , Rajesh Kumar Sharma5 and Lalita Shashikant Nemade*6
1Swami Devi Dyal Institute of Pharmacy, Golpura, Barwala, Dist: Panchkula, Haryana (India) 2Department of English, Career Point University, Kota, Rajasthan (India) 3Lachoo Memorial College of science and Technology, Jodhpur, Rajasthan (India) 4Govindrao Nikam College of Pharmacy, Sawarde, Tal: Chiplun, Dist: Ratnagiri: 415606, M.S., (India) 5Department of Pharmacognosy, Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Delhi Road, Moradabad-244001 (India) 6Department of Pharmaceutics; Govindrao Nikam College of Pharmacy Sawarde, Dist: Ratnagiri: 415606 (India) *Corresponding author: Dr. Lalita Shashikant Nemade; Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics; Govindrao Nikam College of Pharmacy Sawarde, Dist: Ratnagiri: 415606 (India)
ABSTRACT
The global burden of diabetes mellitus, characterized by defective insulin secretion or action, necessitates advanced therapeutic strategies. Glucose-responsive insulin (GRI) systems, which autonomously release insulin in response to hyperglycemia, represent a paradigm shift toward a closed-loop therapy at the molecular level. Two boronic acid-chitosan conjugates were synthesized using 4- formylphenylboronic acid (FPBA) and 2-formyl-3-thienylboronic acid (FTBA). Conjugation was confirmed via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Glucose adsorption capacity and selectivity were quantified using highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a hexokinase assay and a curcumin-based fluorescent displacement assay, respectively. FTIR and DSC analyses confirmed successful conjugation, revealing structural changes and altered thermal properties.