Harmful Algal Blooms: A rising threat to water ecosystems
Subhabrata Ghosh
Department of Botany Mahadevananda Mahavidyalaya, Barrackpore - 700120 (India) Email: sgphyco@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are progressively recognized as a significant problem to aquatic ecosystems. This baneful condition caused by nutrient pollution, climate change, and various human activities. HABs destroy ecological equilibrium by reducing oxygen levels, generating toxins, and negatively impacting aquatic organisms. This review emphasizes the regulating factors and ecological impacts of HABs in both freshwater and saltwater ecosystems. It also describes how human actions like farming and city runoff lead to the formation of blooms. As global temperatures rise and climate patterns change, the occurrence and intensity of HABs are predicted to rise. Governing this issue necessitates coordinated monitoring, management, and policy initiatives. This review consolidates existing information and highlights the necessity for sustainable approaches to reduce the effects of HABs.