Nutraceutical Potential of Bhallataka (Semecarpus anacardium Linn.): A Comprehensive Review on Nutritional Composition, Bioactive Constituents, and Health-Promoting Properties
1Ankit Kumar Maganbhai Makwana and 2Archana Panchaxarimath
1,2Department of Swasthavritta Evam Yoga, Parul Institute of Ayurved and Research, Parul University, Vadodara - 391760 (India)
ABSTRACT
Bhallataka (Semecarpus anacardium Linn.), the marking-nut tree of family Anacardiaceae, occupies a paradoxical place in Ayurveda: classified as an Upavisha (sub-toxic substance) requiring rigorous purification, yet valued as a principal Rasayana dravya. Beyond its established pharmacology, the edible thalamus, kernel and processed nut carry a nutrient and bioactive-compound profile that positions the drug as an emerging nutraceutical and functional-food candidate. This review consolidates literature (1996–2024) on the nutritional composition (carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, minerals, vitamins), phytochemical constituents (biflavonoids, phenolic acids, bhilawanols, anacardic acid, phytosterols, tocols) and the documented antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, anticancer, hepatoprotective and cardioprotective activities of S. anacardium. It examines how classical Shodhana (purification) functions as an early quality-control step enabling nutraceutical use, and outlines the toxicological considerations that must guide product development. The convergence of a nutrient-dense seed matrix with diverse bioactive phytoconstituents supports Bhallataka as a promising, underexplored nutraceutical resource, contingent on standardized purification, dosage and long-term safety data.